Citizenship by investment (CBI) programs have become increasingly popular for those seeking second citizenship or global mobility. These programs allow individuals to invest in a country’s economy, typically through real estate or government bonds, in exchange for citizenship. In 2025, several countries continue to offer attractive CBI programs with varying benefits. Here are the top 5 countries offering citizenship by investment in 2025.
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1. St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Kitts and Nevis is one of the longest-standing citizenship by investment programs, having been established in 1984. It remains one of the most popular options for investors due to its relatively affordable investment threshold and fast processing times.
- Investment Options: The minimum investment starts at $150,000 through a contribution to the Sustainable Growth Fund. Alternatively, applicants can invest in government-approved real estate starting at $200,000.
- Processing Time: St. Kitts and Nevis offers one of the fastest CBI programs, with applicants receiving citizenship within 3 to 6 months.
- Benefits: Visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 150 countries, including the UK, Schengen Area, and Hong Kong.
2. Portugal
Portugal’s Golden Visa program has gained widespread recognition as one of the most attractive CBI programs in Europe. While technically a residency-by-investment program, it offers a pathway to citizenship after five years.
- Investment Options: The most popular option is investing in real estate, with a minimum investment of €500,000 (or €350,000 for properties in designated areas). Other options include investing €500,000 in capital transfer or creating 10 jobs in Portugal.
- Processing Time: Permanent residency can be obtained within 3 to 6 months, and citizenship eligibility follows after five years of residency.
- Benefits: Access to the European Union, visa-free travel to over 185 countries, and high-quality healthcare and education systems.
3. Malta
Malta’s CBI program is one of the most rigorous in terms of due diligence, but it offers one of the most robust passports. The country’s program provides direct citizenship rather than a residency route.
- Investment Options: Applicants must contribute €600,000 to Malta’s National Development Fund and purchase real estate valued at a minimum of €700,000, or they can rent a property with an annual lease of €16,000 for five years.
- Processing Time: Citizenship can be obtained within 12 to 36 months, depending on the chosen investment route.
- Benefits: Malta offers visa-free access to 180+ countries, including the US, UK, and Canada, as well as the right to live and work within the European Union.
4. Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda is another Caribbean country offering an attractive citizenship by investment program. It’s known for its family-friendly options, making it a popular choice for applicants with dependents.
- Investment Options: The minimum investment starts at $100,000 for the National Development Fund. Alternatively, applicants can invest in real estate starting at $200,000 or a business starting at $1.5 million.
- Processing Time: Applicants can receive citizenship within 3 to 4 months.
- Benefits: Visa-free access to over 150 countries, including the UK, Schengen Area, and Singapore, and an affordable family application option.
5. Turkey
Turkey’s citizenship by investment program has seen a surge in popularity due to its relatively low investment threshold and the growing global appeal of Turkish citizenship.
- Investment Options: The minimum investment is $400,000 in Turkish real estate. Other options include capital investment of $500,000 or creating jobs for at least 50 Turkish citizens.
- Processing Time: Applicants can receive Turkish citizenship within 3 to 6 months.
- Benefits: Turkey offers visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 110 countries, including Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, and the country serves as a bridge between Europe and Asia.
Conclusion
The top countries offering citizenship by investment in 2025 provide a wide range of benefits, from visa-free travel to access to global markets. Whether you’re seeking greater mobility, security, or investment opportunities, these countries offer diverse options for obtaining second citizenship through strategic investments.
